“Christopher McMahon, professor of theology at Saint Vincent College in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, has previously authored an introductory volume regarding Christology. His latest publication is a similar textbook dedicated to the study of ecclesiology, or what M. defines as “the root meaning of the Greek word ekklesia, which translators of the New Testament render as ‘‘church’’” (1). M. further views ecclesiology in light of his childhood experience of being “called together,” in both the familial and communal sense of Church. His hope is that his latest textbook will “address the apparent marginalization of ecclesiology as a focal point of theological education” (2).

“Based upon his emphasis of the mission of the Church from a salvific perspective, M. greatly succeeds. M.’s thesis is comprehensive, as evidenced by his treatment of soteriology. He provides not only a Roman Catholic perspective of sin and redemption as seen through Bernard Lonergan’’s Law of the Cross, but an historical locus of the Anselmian (i.e. vicarious satisfaction), and Calvinistic/Lutheran (i.e. penal substitution) theories. Anselm’’s theory of vicarious satisfaction, while proven to be not completely accurate, displays the tension between humanity’’s sinfulness and God’’s love and justice. M. admits that since we already owe the precious gift of life to God, that we “cannot offer anything to God that would make ‘satisfaction’ for [our] offense and restore the order of the universe” (31). Anselm allowed that the only method of restoring the universe to its proper state was by the sacrifice of the sinless Christ. Calvin and Luther both advocated for penal substitution——whereby Christ, both fully human and divine, bore the punishment of death in atonement for humanity’’s sinfulness. In Lonergan’’s Law of the Cross, “the life, death and Resurrection of Jesus enshrine a precept” (41), whereby humanity is enabled to participate in new life through transformative love and dying to Christ. Salvation for Lonergan is a shared event, in that it is a gift from God that is achieved through humanity’’s repentance and conversion, in cooperation with God’s grace.

“Called Together is logically organized into seven chapters, with sections dedicated to the historical Jesus, the evolution of the Church’’s self-understanding, the Second Vatican Council, and the Church and its role in the salvation of the world.

“After a brief but effective introduction, M. launches into a fascinating chapter that presents the history of Jesus as witnessed in the Gospels, hopeful that this understanding “sets forth a theological and historical reading of the Jesus story in a manner that will highlight the communal and redemptive dimensions of that narrative” (3). Chapter 2 focuses on soteriology, and how it has affected various beliefs regarding the Church and mission from the Middle Ages to the Counter-Reformation. For example, in tracing the development of salvation from the Anselmian theory to that of Calvin and Luther, we note a shift in the form of the Church from one where humanity shares in the satisfaction of Christ’’s sacrifice, to a Church where humanity is called by faith to receive the gift of salvation.

“The next three chapters focus upon the Church in terms of its customs, and self-awareness throughout its history. Chapter 3 details the development of ecclesiology from the early Church to the modern period. Chapter 4 is dedicated to the Second Vatican Council, which M. describes as “a watershed in the life of the Church and its relationship to the world” (3). Chapter 5 addresses the ongoing conversation between the Church and the world that was begun at Vatican II, dealing with the impact of the globalized market culture in the era of modernity. Lonergan’’s “general bias of common sense” is particularly insightful, in that our knowledge is acquired by and limited to experiential senses. Difficulties arise when we use our power of understanding to minimize the truth, so that “what is good become[s] reduced to what is practical, tangible, and profitable” (119).

“The final two chapters examine what it means to be called to conversion and life with Christ through the celebration of the sacraments (communion), and sent into the world as seen through the lens of Catholic Social Thought (mission).

“M.’’s introductory volume on ecclesiology is highly recommended for college students on the undergraduate level, and also for members of various ministerial groups seeking to obtain a broader understanding of their roles both as individuals and communities within the universal Church. It is extremely well written, organized and concise, with an adequate index for easy reference usage. M. also provides a comprehensive list of multi-denominational works for further study, evoking the true spirit behind what it means to be “called together” for God’’s greater good.”